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編輯導讀：iOS是運行于iPhone、iPad和iPod touch設備上、最常用的移動操作系統之一。作為互聯網應用的開發者、產品經理、體驗設計師，都應當理解并熟悉平臺的設計規范。這有利于提高我們的工作效率，保證用戶良好的體驗。本文是iOS設計規范系列第一篇。

一、3大設計主旨（Design Themes）

iOS與其他平臺區分的三個主要主旨：

1. Clarity（清晰）

在整個系統中，文字在各種尺寸上都清晰可辨；

圖標精確而清晰，裝飾巧妙且恰當，并且對功能的敏銳關注激發了設計；

負空間，顏色，字體，圖形和界面元素巧妙地突出重要內容并傳達交互性。

2. Deference（遵從）

流暢的動作和清晰美觀的界面在幫助人們理解并與內容互動的同時，還能不與之競爭；內容通常填滿整個屏幕，半透明和模糊通常暗示更多；

盡量少的使用邊框，漸變和陰影可使界面輕量，同時確保內容至關重要。

3. Depth（層次）

清晰的視覺層和逼真的動作傳達層次，賦予活力，促進理解；

觸摸和可發現性提高了樂趣，并能夠訪問功能和附加內容而不會丟失上下文；

過渡可以在您瀏覽內容時提供深度感。

Clarity.

Throughout the system, text is legible at every size, icons are precise and lucid, adornments are subtle and appropriate, and a sharpened focus on functionality motivates the design. Negative space, color, fonts, graphics, and interface elements subtly highlight important content and convey interactivity.

Deference.

Fluid motion and a crisp, beautiful interface help people understand and interact with content while never competing with it. Content typically fills the entire screen, while translucency and blurring often hint at more. Minimal use of bezels, gradients, and drop shadows keep the interface light and airy, while ensuring that content is paramount.

Depth.

Distinct visual layers and realistic motion convey hierarchy, impart vitality, and facilitate understanding. Touch and discoverability heighten delight and enable access to functionality and additional content without losing context. Transitions provide a sense of depth as you navigate through content.

二、6大設計原則（Design Principles）

為了最大限度地提高影響力和覆蓋面，請在設計APP時遵循以下6個原則。

1. Aesthetic Integrity（完整性）

審美完整性體現了app的外觀和行為與其功能的整合程度。

例如，一個幫助用戶執行嚴肅任務的app可以通過使用微妙、不顯眼的圖形、標準控件和可預測的行為來保持他們的專注。

另一方面，沉浸式app，如游戲，可以提供吸引人的外觀，傳遞樂趣和刺激感，同時鼓勵發現。

2. Consistency（一致性）

一個一致的app通過使用系統提供的界面元素、眾所周知的圖標、標準文本樣式和統一術語來實現熟悉的標準和范例。

這種app符合用戶期望的特征和行為。

3. Direct Manipulation（直接性）

對屏幕內容的直接操作會吸引用戶并促進理解。

當用戶旋轉設備使用手勢觸動屏幕內容時會體驗到直接操作。

通過直接操縱，用戶可以看到他們行動的直接、可見的結果。

4. Feedback（反饋感)

反饋對用戶的行動進行了確認，并顯示行動結果以使用戶了解情況。

內置的iOS app為用戶的每一項操作提供可感知的反饋。

輕觸時會突出顯示交互元素；進度指示器會傳達長時間運行的項目的狀態；動畫和音效有助于闡明操作的結果。

5. Metaphors（隱喻性）

當一個app的虛擬對象和動作都是對熟悉事物的隱喻時（不管基于現實世界還是數字世界），用戶學習的更快

隱喻在iOS系統中發揮的很好，因為用戶是直接與屏幕產生物理交互的。

用戶移動視圖來查看更多的內容；拖拽內容；切換開關、移動滑塊并且直接滾動來選取值；甚至可以像翻書或雜志一樣輕快翻頁。

6. User Control（控制感）

在整個iOS中，用戶是掌控者，而不是APP。

APP可以建議一個行動方案或警告危險后果，但APP接管決策通常是一個錯誤。

好的APP可以在用戶授權和避免不必要的結果之間找到正確的平衡。

APP可以通過保持交互元素熟悉和可預測，確認破壞性操作以及輕松取消操作（即使它們已經在進行中）來使用戶感覺自己在控制。

Aesthetic Integrity

Aesthetic integrity represents how well an app’s appearance and behavior integrate with its function. For example, an app that helps people perform a serious task can keep them focused by using subtle, unobtrusive graphics, standard controls, and predictable behaviors. On the other hand, an immersive app, such as a game, can deliver a captivating appearance that promises fun and excitement, while encouraging discovery.

Consistency

A consistent app implements familiar standards and paradigms by using system-provided interface elements, well-known icons, standard text styles, and uniform terminology. The app incorporates features and behaviors in ways people expect.

Direct Manipulation

The direct manipulation of onscreen content engages people and facilitates understanding. Users experience direct manipulation when they rotate the device or use gestures to affect onscreen content. Through direct manipulation, they can see the immediate, visible results of their actions.

Feedback

Feedback acknowledges actions and shows results to keep people informed. The built-in iOS apps provide perceptible feedback in response to every user action. Interactiveelements are highlighted briefly when tapped, progress indicators communicate the status of long-running operations, and animation and sound help clarify the results of actions.

Metaphors

People learn more quickly when an app’s virtual objects and actions are metaphors for familiar experiences—whether rooted in the real or digital world. Metaphors work well in iOS because people physically interact with the screen. They move views out of the way to expose content beneath. They drag and swipe content. They toggle switches, move sliders, and scroll through picker values. They even flick through pages of books and magazines.

User Control

Throughout iOS, people—not apps—are in control. An app can suggest a course of action or warn about dangerous consequences, but it’s usually a mistake for the app to take over the decision-making. The best apps find the correct balance between enabling users and avoiding unwanted outcomes. An app can make people feel like they’re in control by keeping interactive elements familiar and predictable, confirming destructive actions, and making it easy to cancel operations, even when they’re already underway.

參考資料：

Apple Developer-Human Interface Guidelines.

#專欄作家#

曉吾，微信公眾號：體驗主義，人人都是產品經理專欄作家。騰訊高級交互設計師，前創新工場、新浪微博交互設計師。專注社交創新與娛樂產品設計。

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